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Economic Inequality & Equitable Growth: Resource List

Find research and analysis, highlights of events and convenings, along with useful materials from the Federal Reserve Board, other Federal Reserve Banks, as well as external resources below.

Research & Analysis
Events & Convenings
Board & Reserve Banks
External Resources

Research & Analysis
2024
Jul 3, 2024	On the Distributional Consequences of Responding Aggressively to Inflation
Jul 2, 2024	On the Distributional Effects of Inflation and Inflation Stabilization
Jun 28, 2024	Racial and Ethnic Inequalities in Household Wealth Persist
May 22, 2024	Veterans in the Labor Market: 2024 Update
May 8, 2024	How Are They Now? A Checkup on Homeowners Who Experienced Foreclosure
Apr 9, 2024	A Focus on ‘Equitable’ and ‘Growth’ in Understanding the Economy
Feb 14, 2024	How and Why Do Consumers Use “Buy Now, Pay Later?”
Feb 7, 2024	Wealth Inequality by Age in the Post-Pandemic Era
Feb 7, 2024	Racial and Ethnic Wealth Inequality in the Post-Pandemic Era
Jan 10, 2024	An Overlooked Factor in Banks’ Lending to Minorities
2023
Dec 1, 2023	Recent Disparities in Earnings and Employment
Nov 17, 2023	Flood-Prone Basement Housing in New York City and the Impact on Low- and Moderate-Income Renters
Nov 16, 2023	Small Business Recovery after Natural Disasters in the Fed’s Second District
Nov 15, 2023	How Do Natural Disasters Affect Small Business Owners in the Fed's Second District?
Nov 9, 2023	Transition Risks in the Fed’s Second District and the Nation
Nov 8, 2023	Comparing Physical Risk: The Fed’s Second District versus the Nation
Oct 18, 2023	Borrower Expectations for the Return of Student Loan Repayment
Oct 16, 2023	Racial Discrimination in Child Protective Services
Jul 7, 2023	The EGIs: Analyzing the Economy Through an Equitable Growth Lens
2022
Mar 1, 2022	The State of Low-Income America: Credit Access and Debt Payment
2021
Sep 23, 2021	Current Responses to Housing Insecurity: A Focus on Vulnerable Residential Renters and Landlords
Aug 9, 2021	Unequal Burdens—Racial Differences in ICU Stress during the Third Wave of COVID-19
Aug 4, 2021	How Communities on the Front Lines of Climate Change Are Mobilizing
Aug 2, 2021	Economic Inequality: Who Received Forbearance Relief?"
Jun 3, 2021	Building Community Resilience as Climate Change Costs Climb
Jun 2, 2021	Exploring the Economic Benefits of Broader Support for Mental Health
May 20, 2021	Household Financial Stability: Understanding the $400 Question
May 19, 2021	Economic Inequality: Mortgage Forbearance in COVID-19
2020
Dec 22, 2020	The COVID-19 Eviction Cliff: Key Issues and Insights to Help Mitigate a Crisis
Nov 19, 2020	The State of Low Income America: Credit Access & Debt Payment
Sep 25, 2020	Investigating the Effect of Health Insurance in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Aug 27, 2020	Tracking the Spread of COVID-19 in the Region
Aug 19, 2020	Debt Relief and the CARES Act: Which Borrowers Face the Most Financial Strain?
Aug 18, 2020	Debt Relief and the CARES Act: Which Borrowers Benefit the Most?
Aug 17, 2020	Economic Inequality: A Multi-Part Research Series
Aug 17, 2020	Are Financially Distressed Areas More Affected by COVID-19?
Aug 13, 2020	The Disproportionate Effects of COVID-19 on Households with Children
Aug 4, 2020	Double Jeopardy: Covid-19’s Concentrated Health and Wealth Effects in Black Communities
Jul 8, 2020	Who Has Been Evicted and Why?
Jul 8, 2020	Measuring Racial Disparities in Higher Education and Student Debt Outcomes
Jul 8, 2020	Do College Tuition Subsidies Boost Spending and Reduce Debt? Impacts by Income and Race
Jul 8, 2020	Medicare and Financial Health across the United States
Jul 8, 2020	Inequality in U.S. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity
Jun 15, 2020	Distribution of COVID-19 Incidence by Geography, Race, and Income
Jun 8, 2020	From-Equitable-Growth-to-Equitable-Recovery From Equitable Growth to Equitable Recovery
May 29, 2020	Which Workers Bear the Burden of Social Distancing Policies?
Mar 4, 2020	Heterogeneity: A Multi-Part Research Series
Mar 4, 2020	How Does Credit Access Affect Job-Search Outcomes and Sorting?
Mar 4, 2020	Searching for Higher Job Satisfaction
Mar 4, 2020	Is the Tide Lifting All Boats? A Closer Look at the Earnings Growth Experiences of U.S. Workers
Mar 4, 2020	Women Have Been Hit Hard by the Loss of Routine Jobs, Too
Mar 4, 2020	Beverly Hirtle Opening Remarks: Heterogeneity Blog Series Webinar
Mar 3, 2020	Introduction to Heterogeneity Series II: Labor Market Outcomes
Feb 2020	Tuition, Debt, and Human Capital
Jan 2020	Medicare and the Geography of Financial Health
2019
Dec 2019	Anatomy of Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Heterogeneity in Job Ladder Risk vs. Human Capital
Dec 2019	Why Are Some Places So Much More Unequal Than Others?
Oct 16, 2019	Optimists and Pessimists in the Housing Market
Oct 15, 2019	Does U.S. Health Inequality Reflect Income Inequality – or Something Else?
Oct 10, 2019	Is Free College the Solution to Student Debt Woes? Studying the Heterogeneous Impacts of Merit-Aid Programs
Oct 9, 2019	Who Borrows for College – and Who Repays?
Oct 8, 2019	Job Ladders and Careers
Oct 7, 2019	Some Places Are Much More Unequal Than Others
Oct 7, 2019	Introduction to Heterogeneity: Understanding Causes and Implications of Various Inequalities
Sep 24, 2019	Unequal Access to Credit: The Hidden Impact of Credit Constraints
Jul 2019	The Affordable Care Act and the Market for Higher Education
2018
Nov 14, 2018	Employer Engagement by Community Colleges in New York State

Events & Convenings
2024
Sep 19, 2024	Promising Approaches to Financing Child Care Facilities
Sep 5, 2024	Exploring Flood Risk for New York City Renters, Homeowners, and Communities of Color
Jun 28, 2024	Rural Innovation Done Right: Systemic Solutions for Rural Prosperity
Apr 25, 2024	Fostering Neighborhoods: Faith-Based Organizations and the Development of Affordable Housing
Apr 3, 2024	Institutional Investors in Multifamily Affordable Housing
2023
Jun 23, 2023	The Economic Case for Community Health Workers
Mar 16, 2023	Advancing Equitable Outcomes: A Roadmap for Investors
Feb 28, 2023	Reimagining Public Health for NYC: A Discussion on the Racial Wealth Gap and Health Equity
Jan 17, 2023	An Economy That Works for All: Moving Toward Equitable Growth
2022
Oct 26, 2022	Affordable Housing for Seniors: Challenges and Opportunities for Service-Enriched Properties in the Second District
Oct 18, 2022	Economic Inequality Policy Series: The Impacts of the 2021-2022 Rise in Inflation on Communities of Color
Sep 29, 2022	The Role of FinTech in Unsecured Consumer Lending to Low- and Moderate-Income Individuals
Sep 27, 2022	Exploring Baby Bonds as a Tool to Improve Economic Security
Jun 9, 2022	Debt: When it Helps, When it Hurts, What it Could Do to Build Household Wealth
May 24, 2022	Investing in Rural Prosperity
Apr 7, 2022	Expanding Opportunity: Investing in Employment Social Enterprise
April 5, 2022	Health and the Economy: A Moderated Discussion with U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy
Mar 31, 2022	The Future of New York City: Charting an Equitable Recovery for All
Jan 19, 2022	Investing in Health: The Intersection of Business, Public Health, and Community Development
2021
Nov 30, 2021	Combating Food Insecurity: What's Working – and What's Scalable
Nov 18, 2021	An Economy That Works for All: Fostering Low-Income Homeownership
Nov 12, 2021	Heterogeneity in Macroeconomics: Implications for Policy
Sep 15, 2021	The Fourth Trimester and Beyond: The Case for Broad Investments in Maternal and Child Health
May 19, 2021	Scaling Equitable Solar Finance: A Financial Innovations Roundtable Event
Mar 22, 2021	The Impact of the COVID-19 Shock on Women’s Labor Market Outcomes and Equitable Policy Solutions
2020
Nov 20, 2020	Mobilizing Capital: Artists' Impact on Community Health and Wellbeing
Nov 19, 2020	Reducing Climate Risk for Low Income Communities
Oct 27, 2020	The COVID-19 Eviction Cliff–Who’s Affected and How to Mitigate Short- and Long-term Crises?
Oct 23, 2020	Demystifying a Career Path in Economics and Advancing Diversity
Oct 1, 2020	Webinar on Inequities Amplified: COVID-19’s Impact on the LatinX Community
Sep 30, 2020	Expanding Access to CDFI Capital: CDFI Friendly America Working in Smaller Markets & Communities of Color
Sep 24, 2020	The Impacts of COVID-19 on Communities of Color and Policy Insights for an Equitable Economic Recovery
Sep 22, 2020	U.S. News & World Report Webinar: Creating Healthy Communities—A New Perspective on What Fostering Health Takes
Sep 18, 2020	Conference on Racial Justice and Finance
June 25, 2020	An Update from the Experts: COVID-19’s Impact on Housing
June 11, 2020	The Fed and Main Street: The Immigrant Experience during COVID-19
May 27, 2020	Too important to Fail: Minority-Owned Businesses Navigating Covid-19 and Beyond
Apr 23, 2020	The Fed and Main Street During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Feb 13, 2020	Youth Poverty in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands: Updates and Policy Recommendations
Jan 30, 2020	Economic Inequality: A Policy Series
Jan 15, 2020	Transforming Community Development Through Arts & Culture
2019
Dec 17, 2019	Well-being Across America: More Unequal, More Insecure
Dec 6, 2019	Healthy Communities Conference Series: New Sources of Place-based Capital to Improve the Upstream Social Determinants of Health
Nov 21, 2019	Strategies for Equitable Growth, Western New York
Oct 9, 2019	Strategies for Equitable Growth, North Country
Jul 17, 2019	Strategies for Equitable Growth, New York City
Apr 11, 2019	President Williams: Fulfilling Our Economic Potential

The Board & Reserve Banks
2022
May 10, 2022	Conversations on Equity: Philanthropy's Role in Pursuing Economic Equity
Apr 25, 2022	Investing in Rural Prosperity: Major Rural Community Trends
Apr 12, 2022	Small Towns, Big Cities, Shared Inflation
Apr 7, 2022	Economic Mobility Project: What Is Inclusive Full Employment?
Apr 5, 2022	Who Benefited from Expanded Paid Sick Leave Policies for Service Workers? And Who Didn’t?
Apr 5, 2022	Child Care Is Everyone's Business: Why Delaware Businesses Should Care About Early Childhood Education
Apr 5, 2022	Unequal Inflation Impacts
Apr 1, 2022	Government Programs and Their Effects on Welfare and Employment: A Conference Recap
Apr 1, 2022	Good if You Can Get It: Benefits and Inequalities in the Expansion of Paid Sick Leave during COVID-19
Mar 30, 2022	Investing in Rural America Conference
Mar 28, 2022	Unequal Inflation: Why Rising Prices Are Not the Same for Everyone
Mar 21, 2022	Greater Hispanic Outreach Can Improve Take-Up of Earned Income Tax Credit
Mar 15, 2022	How Do Homeowner Experiences Vary by Race and Ethnicity? Neighborhood Differences between Hispanic and White Homebuyers
Mar 1, 2022	Home Mortgage Refinancing Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights for Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania
Feb 28, 2022	Women of Color and Women with Children Disproportionately Left the Labor Force during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Feb 25, 2022	Pandemic Mortgage Relief Headed Off Delinquencies, but What Happens Now?
Feb 23, 2022	They’re in Deep Hiding: Pandemic Hinders Efforts to Reengage Texas’ Disconnected Youth
Jan 13, 2022	"Affordability Has Been Declining": A Discussion of Housing Affordability
Jan 5, 2022	Introducing a Federal Reserve Series on Early Care and Education: Cost, Affordability, and Racial Equity
Jan 1, 2022	The Voices of Early Care and Education: A Qualitative Perspective on Providing and Accessing High-Quality Early Care and Education
Jan 1, 2022	A Moment of Opportunity: The COVID-Era Job Market for Noncollege Workers
2021
Nov 23, 2021	Investing in Rural Prosperity
Nov 18, 2021	Fed Listens 2021: Pandemic Recovery and the Role of Care Work
Nov 17, 2021	Toward an Inclusive Recovery
Nov 16, 2021	Racism and the Economy: Focus on Financial Services
Nov 9, 2021	Conference on Diversity and Inclusion in Economics, Finance, and Central Banking
Nov 9, 2021	Narrowing the Racial Homeownership Gap
Nov 8, 2021	Gender and the Economy Conference
Nov 1, 2021	Diversity and Inclusion in US Currency
Oct 20, 2021	Racism and the Economy: Focus on the Wealth Divide
Oct 14, 2021	Whose Land Is It? Heirs’ Property and Its Role in Generational Land Retention
Oct 12, 2021	Perspectives from Main Street: The Impact of COVID-19 on Communities and the Entities Serving Them
Oct 6, 2021	Communities of Color, Lower Income Most Vulnerable to Evictions, Research Shows
June 23-25, 2021	Policy Summit 2021: Pathways to Economic Resilience in Our Communities
June 3, 2021	Workforce Realigned: How New Partnerships Are Advancing Economic Mobility
June 2, 2021	Racism and the Economy: Focus on Entrepreneurship
May 19, 2021	Tribal Leaders Highlight Economic Challenges, Innovations amid COVID-19
May 17, 2021	Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2020 & Interactive Data
May 13, 2021	Policy Matters: More Equitable Access to Paid Sick Leave in the Northeast
May 12, 2021	Higher Education: The Importance and Urgency of Reform
May 10, 2021	Data Updates: Measuring Evictions during the COVID-19 Crisis
May 4, 2021	Clientelistic Politics and Pro-Poor Targeting: Rules versus Discretionary Budgets
May 2021	Understanding Community Development Financial Institutions and Their Impact in Low- and Moderate-Income Neighborhoods
May 2021	Pandemic Response Reveals Potential for More Equitable Paid Sick Leave Coverage in the Northeast
April 15, 2021	What We Learned about Residential Instability in the Bay Area
April 15, 2021	Small Business Credit Survey 2021 Report on Firms Owned by People of Color
April 15, 2021	The Cycle of Disparities in Economic Outcomes and Opportunities
April 5, 2021	Evictions Highlight Need for Tenants to Have Counsel
April 2021	Financial Strain and Material Hardship in the New England States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
April 2021	The Downstream Benefits of Higher Incomes and Wages
Mar 24-25, 2021	Debt in Texas: Medical Debt and Its Impact on Household Financial Security
Mar 2021	Benefits Cliffs as a Barrier to Career Advancement for Low-Income Adults: Insights from Employment Services Providers
Mar 22, 2021	The Pandemic Labor Market Experience of Mothers of Young Children
Jan 12, 2021	Gender Wealth Gap: Families Headed By Women Have Lower Wealth
Jan 12, 2021	Racism and the Economy: Focus on Education
Jan 5, 2021	Wealth Gaps Between White, Black and Hispanic Families in 2019
Jan 2021	CFI COVID-19 Survey of Consumers - Wave 6
2020
Dec 2, 2020	Has Wealth Inequality in America Changed Over Time? Here are Key Statistics
Nov 2020	Program on Economic Inclusion (PEI)
Oct 1, 2020	The Reckoning: When a Pandemic Collides with Systemic Racism (Part 1)
Oct 2020	Racism and the Economy: Understanding the Implications of Structural Racism in America’s Economy and Advancing Actions to Improve Economic Outcomes for All
Sep 21, 2020	Governor Lael Brainard: Strengthening the CRA to Meet the Challenges of Our Time
Aug 2020	Briefing on Childcare Funding and Policy Considerations in Response to COVID-19
Jul 16, 2020	American Inequality: The Cruel Role of Recessions
Jul 14, 2020	Large Income Losses Loom for Many Workers When Pandemic Unemployment Compensation Expires
Jun 2020	Perspectives from Main Street: The Impact of COVID-19 on Communities and the Entities Serving Them
May 28, 2020	Reinventing our Communities: Planning for Equity in Recovery—Lessons We’re Learning from COVID-19
May 1, 2020	Which Families Are Most Vulnerable to an Income Shock such as COVID-19
Apr 6, 2020	An Economic Epicenter of Coronavirus in New England: Low-Wage Service Workers
Apr 2, 2020	COVID-19 and Financial Distress: Vulnerability to Infection and Death
Apr 2, 2020	Reemploying the Unemployed
Apr 1, 2020	Housing Wealth Climbs for Hispanics and Blacks, Yet Racial Wealth Gap Persist
Mar/Apr 2020	School's Out: Childcare Needs among Essential Health Care Workers and First Responders
Mar 26, 2020	Tracking COVID-19 Symptoms and Impact in Real Time: A Survey-based Surveillance System
2020	Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute
2020	CFI COVID-19 Survey of Consumers—An Assessment of the Financial Health and Stability of U.S. Consumers
2020	Perspectives from Main Street: The Impact of COVID-19 on Communities and the Entities Serving Them
2019
July 2019	The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children
Feb 12, 2019	Chairman Jerome Powell on Encouraging Economic Development in High-Poverty Rural Communities
Jan 25, 2019	Rooted in Public Policy, Residential Segregation Remains and Persistent Problem
Jan 8, 2019	Changing Up the Child Care Block Grant to Meet Market Challenges
2019	Increasing the Quality of Jobs
2019	Community Development INNOVATION REVIEW: Transforming Community Development through Arts and Culture
2019	Economic Growth and Mobility Project

External Resources
2022
Feb 14, 2022	Assessing Meaningful Community Engagement: A Conceptual Model to Advance Health Equity through Transformed Systems for Health
Jan 1, 2022	A Brighter Future With Baby Bonds: How States and Cities Should Invest in Our Kids
2021
Nov 2, 2021	How Have Renters Responded to Financial Stress in the Pandemic?
Sep 30, 2021	The Future of Building Wealth: Brief Essays on the Best Ideas to Build Wealth—for Everyone
Sep 15, 2021	Working Less to Provide More Care: How the Pandemic Has Affected Families with Young Children
Sep 14, 2021	A Roadmap to Developing Inclusive Regional Economic Indicators
Aug 17, 2021	What Does ‘Gentrification’ Really Mean?
May 2021	Misdirected Housing Supports: Why the Mortgage Interest Deduction Unjustly Subsidizes High-Income Households and Expands Racial Disparities
2021	Growing Up and Out of Poverty Industry Report
Apr 4, 2021	The Gap: Rental Housing Supply for Our Most Vulnerable Families
Mar 2021	Forum Global Gap Report 2021
Mar 4, 2021	Nearly 350 Million Children Lack Quality Childcare in the World
Jan 25, 2021	Working For Equitable and Resilient Recovery and Rebuilding in Puerto Rico
Jan 15, 2021	Time to Pivot: The Role of the Energy Transition and Investors in Forging Resilient Resource-Rich Country Outcomes
Jan 14, 2021	To Make the Child Care System More Equitable, Expand Options for Parents Working Nontraditional Hours
Jan 6, 2021	The Looming Eviction Cliff
2020
Dec 17, 2020	A CRA to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change
Nov 2020	Improving Racial Equity Through Greener Design
Oct 2020	Why Has Covid-19 Been Especially Harmful for Working Women?
Oct 2020	Redlining and Neighborhood Health
Oct 13, 2020	Foreclosure Risk Is Growing with No Relief in Sight
Oct 2020	America's Recovery from the 2020 "Shecession" Building a Female Future of Childcare and Work
Oct 6, 2020	Access to Opportunity through Equitable Transportation
Aug 10, 2020	Squeezing the Middle Class: Income Trajectories from 1967-2016
June 2020	COVID-19 Lessons for the Climate Change Emergency
Jun 2020	Race, Risk and Workforce Equity in the Corona Virus Economy
Jun 25, 2020	Impacts of COVID-19 on New York Renters and the Housing Stock
Jun 25, 2020	COVID-19 and Access to Mortgage Credit
Jun 25, 2020	The Waterfall Framework: Understanding Key Inequities and Principles of Solutions within the Housing Market
May 19, 2020	Opportunity Engines: Middle Class Mobility in Higher Education
May 13, 2020	Racial Equity Implications of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Opportunities for Philanthropic Response
2020	Track the Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on People, Businesses, and Communities across the U.S.
Apr 30, 2020	Paid Medical Leave Research: What We Know and What We Need to Know to Improve Health and Economic Well-Being in the United States
Apr 24, 2020	The COVID-19 Pandemic Is Straining Families’ Abilities to Afford Basic Needs
Apr 16, 2020	Mapping Racial Inequity Amid COVID-19 Underscores Policy Discriminations Against Black Americans
Apr 2020	The Unequal Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis on Households’ Financial Stability
Mar 27, 2020	Class and COVID: How the Less Affluent Face Double Risks
Mar 26, 2020	The Middle Class Is Not Ready for the Looming Recession
Mar 24, 2020	Housing Policy Must Change in Wake of COVID-19
Mar 20, 2020	Americans Face Financial Insecurity as Pandemic Hits
Mar 13, 2020	Corona Virus Makes It Impossible to Ignore the Economic Insecurity Built into Our Labor Market
Mar 12, 2020	America’s Inequitable Housing System Is Completely Unprepared for Coronavirus
Feb 7, 2020	6 Facts about Economic Inequality in the U.S.
Jan 2020	Income Inequality in California
2020	Opportunity Atlas
2020	America’s Rental Housing 2020
2019
Nov 21, 2019	Technology and Equity in Cities
Nov 6, 2019	Free College is Good, but Free Day Care is Better
Nov 2019	I Know What’s At Stake: How Homelessness impacts College Success in New York City
Oct 10, 2019	Explaining the Black-White Homeownership Gap: A Closer Look at Disparities Across Local Markets
Oct 10, 2019	Maximizing the Public Value of New York City-Financed Affordable Housing
Sep 2019	Gentrification and the Health of Low-Income Children in New York City
Aug 2019	Creating Moves to Opportunity: Experimental Evidence on Barriers to Neighborhood Choice
Mar 25, 2019	The Contribution of National Income Inequality to Regional Economic Divergence
Mar 6, 2019	Real-time Payments Can Help Combat Inequality
Feb 15, 2019	How Racial and Regional Inequality Affect Economic Opportunity
Jan 2019	Income Inequality in California
2018
Mar 21, 2018	Lower-Income Communities Face Nearly $30 Billion in Student Loan Debt

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