The following frequently asked questions (FAQs) provide further information about the Federal Reserve's secondary market purchases of Treasury securities.
How does the Desk intend to implement the FOMC’s plan to purchase Treasury securities?
Effective December 17, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) directed the Open Market Trading Desk (the Desk) at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to continue to increase the System Open Market Account (SOMA) holdings of Treasury securities by $80 billion per month. Consistent with this directive, the Desk’s Treasury purchases will continue at their current pace and composition, and will continue to be conducted across a range of maturities and security types. The FOMC also directed the Desk to increase holdings of Treasury securities by additional amounts as needed to sustain the smooth functioning of the Treasury market. In addition, the FOMC directed the Desk to continue to roll over at auction all principal payments from SOMA holdings of maturing Treasury securities. For the relevant Desk Statement, see here.
How will the Desk communicate its Treasury purchase amount and schedule?
The Desk will communicate its planned monthly purchase amount and will release tentative schedules of purchase operations on or around the ninth business day of each month. These announcements can be found on the Treasury Securities Operational Details page. The tentative schedule will include information on the upcoming operation dates, times, security types and maturities, and maximum purchase amounts. The operation schedule and parameters are subject to change if market conditions warrant or should the FOMC alter its guidance to the Desk.
What Treasury securities will the Desk purchase?
In general, the Desk seeks to operate in a manner that is relatively neutral to the securities available for purchase and in a way that limits the potential for operations to affect normal market functioning, unless otherwise appropriate for efficient and effective implementation under the directive. As such, purchases of Treasury securities are conducted across a range of maturities and security types in rough proportion to the universe of Treasury securities outstanding. Purchases may be conducted in nominal coupon securities, bills, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), and Floating Rate Notes (FRNs).
In general, the Desk will distribute monthly purchases across eight sectors based roughly on the proportional par amount of Treasury securities outstanding in each sector, using the 12-month average as of the end of July 2021. The table below includes the specific sectors the Desk will use and their sector weights. Purchase allocations are subject to change, including as needed to sustain the smooth functioning of the Treasury market, and will be updated periodically. For more information on the latest change to sectors please see here.
| NOMINAL COUPON SECURITIES BY MATURITY RANGE* | TIPS** | |||||||
| SECTOR | 0-2¼ yrs | 2¼-4½ yrs | 4½-7 yrs | 7-10 yrs | 10-22½ yrs | 22½-30 yrs | 1 - 7½ yrs | 7½ - 30 yrs |
| SECTOR WEIGHT | 31% | 21% | 15% | 8% | 7% | 10% | 5% | 3% |
** The TIPS sector weight is based on unadjusted par amounts.
The Desk’s purchase schedule will communicate the specific security type and maturity range of each operation in advance. The Desk will refrain from purchasing securities that are trading with heightened scarcity value in the repo market for specific collateral, newly issued nominal coupon securities, and securities that are cheapest to deliver into active Treasury futures contracts.
Additionally, the Desk will not purchase securities with 4 weeks or less to maturity and TIPS with one year or less to maturity. Specific issues that will be excluded from consideration will be announced at the start of each operation. Currently, the Desk does not plan to purchase STRIPS, securities trading in the when-issued market, or cash management bills.
What are the limits on the SOMA holdings of any one Treasury issue?
The Desk will limit SOMA holdings to a maximum of 70 percent of the total outstanding amount of any individual Treasury security.
What is the maximum amount the Desk will purchase in each issue?
In order to slow the rate of purchases for securities in which the SOMA portfolio already has large holdings as a proportion of Treasury securities outstanding, the Desk will allow the share of SOMA holdings of an individual Treasury security to rise above certain levels only in modest increments, as specified in the tables below. Subject to market conditions, the Desk may further limit the size of additional purchases in certain issues or otherwise change the stated limits as needed.
For nominal coupons, TIPS, and FRNs, the Desk will allow the share of SOMA holdings of an individual Treasury security to rise above 35 percent in increments, as shown below.
| Purchase Limits for Nominal Coupons, TIPS, and FRNs | ||
SOMA Security Ownership Prior to Operation as a Percentage of Outstanding |
Maximum Purchase Amount per Security in Operation is the Lesser of (A) or (B): | |
| (A) | (B) | |
| 0-30% | N/A | (35% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| 30%-47.5% | 5% of Outstanding | (50% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| 47.5%-59% | 2.5% of Outstanding | (60% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| 59%-70% | 1% of Outstanding | (70% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| Above 70% | Not Eligible for Purchase | |
For bills, the Desk will allow the share of SOMA holdings of an individual Treasury security to rise above 17.5 percent in increments, as shown below. These limits will support market functioning and operational efficiency by smoothing the distribution of bill holdings and maturities within the SOMA portfolio.
| Purchase Limits for Bills | ||
SOMA Security Ownership Prior to Operation as a Percentage of Outstanding |
Maximum Purchase Amount per Security in Operation is the Lesser of (A) or (B): | |
| (A) | (B) | |
| 0-15% | N/A | (17.5% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| 15%-34% | 2.5% of Outstanding | (35% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| 34%-59.5% | 1% of Outstanding | (60% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| 59.5%-70% | 0.5% of Outstanding | (70% of Outstanding) minus SOMA Holdings |
| Above 70% | Not Eligible for Purchase | |
Will the Federal Reserve lend the Treasury securities it purchases?
Yes, Treasury securities purchased will be available to borrow through the SOMA’s securities lending facility. For more information on SOMA Securities Lending, please see here.
How are SOMA holdings of Treasury securities reported?
SOMA Treasury holdings are reported on a weekly basis in the H.4.1 statistical release. Over any period, changes in the H.4.1 line item "U.S. Treasury securities" reflect the net effect of rollovers, purchases, and sales of Treasury securities, as well as movements in inflation compensation. For a full list of SOMA holdings, please see here.
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York's primary dealers are eligible to transact in Treasury purchase operations directly with the Federal Reserve. Dealers are expected to submit offers for both themselves and their customers.
How will the purchases be conducted?
The Desk will conduct purchases of Treasury securities via FedTrade, the Desk’s proprietary trading system. FedTrade operations will be conducted using multiple-price, competitive auctions with approved counterparties. A "multiple-price" auction is an auction in which securities are awarded at the price corresponding to the participant’s offer in the operation, resulting in the security being awarded at multiple prices. The minimum auction amount, offer size, and offer increment are each $1 million. Participants can submit up to nine offers per security, with each offer reflecting both a price and par amount.
Offers in FedTrade operations will be evaluated based on their proximity to prevailing market prices at the close of the auction, as well as measures of relative value. Relative value measures are calculated using the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s proprietary model.
How will the Desk communicate the operation results?
Operation results will be posted on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s website following each operation. The information posted will include the total amount of propositions received, the total amount of propositions accepted, and the amount purchased per issue. In addition, participating dealers will receive the operation results, including their accepted propositions, via FedTrade, immediately following the close of the auction.
Will the Desk release operation pricing results?
The Desk will publish information on transaction prices in individual operations at mid-month for the prior monthly purchase period. For each security purchased in each operation, the Desk will release the weighted-average accepted price, the highest accepted price, and the proportion accepted of each proposition submitted at the highest accepted price.
In addition to the pricing information released each month, Section 1103 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 requires that detailed operational results, including counterparty names, be released two years after each quarterly transaction period.
Whom should dealers call if they experience difficulties during the operation?
Primary dealers may call the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Trading Desk with submission and verification questions. For system-related problems, dealers may call the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Primary Dealer Support.
How will the Desk manage the SOMA’s maturing Treasury securities?
As directed by the FOMC, the Desk will roll over maturing Treasury securities at auction. For more information on Treasury rollovers, see here.
When and how does Treasury security settlement take place?
Treasury security settlement will typically occur on a T+1 basis, i.e. one business day after the day of the operation, via the Fedwire Securities System.
